nayrt - But it makes the very cogent point that 1) different species of penguins have different calls so it depends on which one the OP wanted and 2) describing individual calls absolutely offers more ideas about what words to use:
braying high pitched whistling trilling shrill, screaming trumpeting
It directly answers OP's question of what sounds penguins make. How isn't that helpful?
Re: bird onomatopeia
braying
high pitched whistling
trilling
shrill, screaming
trumpeting
It directly answers OP's question of what sounds penguins make. How isn't that helpful?