This is a convention that I am pretty sure derives from Victorian magazines and newspapers in which they wanted to print material about real people and real places without opening themselves up to legal or other censure from those people. So you could just print "Viscount F_____" and everybody knew who you meant but you had plausible deniability about the identity of the person you were gossiping about. The convention of redacting names and places was then adopted by novelists.
Explanation