Not really. Clint had that cameo in Thor where he was just like "I don't know, I'm starting to root for this guy" to Coulson, and the ship exploded from there. It was big even before Avengers came out.

The two do interact in the comics, but until recently (like, February) it was minimal. Keep in mind that Coulson is actually a character created for MCU that they added to the comics later on, so all of his comic appearances are very recent. Also his comic characterization is... quite different.